有时候我们做程序时有这样的需求：有一个需要运行时间很长的循环，那么程序只有等待循环运行结束后才执行别的程序代码，这样机器一直处于循环之中，而不能响应别的事情，对CPU资源来说是一种浪费，那么可不可以既让循环执行，又可以执行程序另外的一部分代码呢？答案是可以的，那就要用到多线程了。
相关知识：
进程：是指程序在一个数据集合上运行的过程，是操作系统进行资源分配和调度运行的一个独立单位，简单来说进程就是程序的一次执行。
进程的两个基本属性：
1.进程是一个可拥有资源的独立单位；
2. 进程同时又是一个可以独立调度和分配的基本单位。
操作系统中引入进程的目的是为了使多个程序并发执行，以改善资源利用率及提高系统的吞吐量。
线程：线是进程中的一个实体，是被系统独立调度和分配的基本单位。线程自己基本上不拥有系统资源，只拥有一些在运行中必不可少的资源，但它可与同属一个进程的其他线程共享进程所拥有的全部资源。同一个进程中的多个线程之间可以并发执行。
问题实现：
VB可不可以创建多线程呢？答案：VB本身不可以，但用API函数VB可以实现。
在VB中创建线程用到以下几个API函数：
'创建线程API
'此API经过改造，lpThreadAttributes改为Any型，lpStartAddress改为传值引用：
'因为函数入口地址是由形参变量传递，如果用传址那将传递形参变量的地址而不是函数的入口地址
' 参数dwStackSize为应用程序堆栈大小，lpStartAddress为函数入口地址
Private Declare Function CreateThread Lib "kernel32" (ByVal lpThreadAttributes As Any, ByVal dwStackSize As Long, ByVal lpStartAddress As Long, lpParameter As Any, ByVal dwCreationFlags As Long, LpthreadId As Long) As Long
'终止线程API
Private Declare Function TerminateThread Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hThread As Long, ByVal dwExitCode As Long) As Long
'激活线程API,参数hThread为CreateThread创建的线程句柄
Private Declare Function ResumeThread Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hThread As Long) As Long
'挂起线程API
Private Declare Function SuspendThread Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hThread As Long) As Long |
了解完上面的API函数后请看下面的实例：
实例效果：此实例实现三个图片框的背景色一起变色。
实例的窗体布局见图：
程序的工程窗口：
源代码如下
窗体中的代码：
Option Explicit
'开始
Private Sub Command1_Click()
On Error Resume Next
With myThreadleft
.Initialize AddressOf Fillleft '传递过程地址给线程
.ThreadEnabled = True
End With
With myThreadright
.Initialize AddressOf Fillright
.ThreadEnabled = True
End With
With myThreadbottom
.Initialize AddressOf Fillbottom
.ThreadEnabled = True
End With
MsgBox "多线程正在运行...，看看图片框控件的变色效果！", 64, "信息"
'终止线程运行
Set myThreadleft = Nothing
Set myThreadright = Nothing
Set myThreadbottom = Nothing
End Sub
'结束
Private Sub Command2_Click()
Unload Me
End Sub
模块中的代码：
Option Explicit
'时间计数API
Private Declare Function GetTickCount Lib "kernel32" () As Long
'声明cls_thread类的对象变量
Public myThreadleft As New cls_thread, myThreadright As New cls_thread, myThreadbottom As New cls_thread
Sub Main()
Load Form1
Form1.Show
End Sub
Public Sub Fillleft()
Static Bkgcolor As Long
Dim LongTick As Long, Longcounter As Long
On Error Resume Next
For Longcounter = 0 To 3000
DoEvents
Bkgcolor = Longcounter Mod 256
Form1.Picture1.BackColor = RGB(Bkgcolor, 0, 0)
LongTick = GetTickCount
While GetTickCount - LongTick < 10 '延时10毫秒,下同
Wend
Next
Set myThreadleft = Nothing '如果循环结束则终止当前线程运行，下同
End Sub
Public Sub Fillright()
Static Bkgcolor As Long
Dim LongTickValue As Long, Longcounter As Long
On Error Resume Next
For Longcounter = 0 To 3000
DoEvents
Bkgcolor = Longcounter Mod 256
Form1.Picture2.BackColor = RGB(0, Bkgcolor, 0)
LongTickValue = GetTickCount
While GetTickCount - LongTickValue < 10
Wend
Next
Set myThreadright = Nothing
End Sub
Public Sub Fillbottom()
Static Bkgcolor As Long
Dim LongTick As Long, Longcounter As Long
On Error Resume Next
For Longcounter = 0 To 3000
DoEvents
Bkgcolor = Longcounter Mod 256
Form1.Picture3.BackColor = RGB(0, 0, Bkgcolor)
LongTick = GetTickCount
While GetTickCount - LongTick < 10
Wend
Next
Set myThreadright = Nothing
End Sub
类模块中的代码：
'功能：创建多线程类，用于初始化线程。 类名：cls_Thread
'参数：LongPointFunction 用于接收主调过程传递过来的函数地址值
'调用方法：1.声明线程类对象变量 Dim mythread as cls_Thread
' 2.调用形式：With mythread
' .Initialize AddressOf 自定义过程或函数名 '(初始化线程) .
' .ThreadEnabled = True '(设置线程是否激活)
' End With
' 3.终止调用： Set mythread = Nothing
' Crate By : 陈宇 On 2004.5.10 Copyright(C).Ldt By CY-soft 2001--2004
' Email:[email protected]
' Test On： VB6.0+Win98 AND VB6.0+WinXP It's Pass ！
Option Explicit
'创建线程API
'此API经过改造，lpThreadAttributes改为Any型，lpStartAddress改为传值引用：
'因为函数的入口地址由形参变量传递，如果用传址那将传递形参变量的地址而不是函数的入口地址
Private Declare Function CreateThread Lib "kernel32" (ByVal lpThreadAttributes As Any, ByVal dwStackSize As Long, ByVal lpStartAddress As Long, lpParameter As Any, ByVal dwCreationFlags As Long, LpthreadId As Long) As Long
'终止线程API
Private Declare Function TerminateThread Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hThread As Long, ByVal dwExitCode As Long) As Long
'激活线程API
Private Declare Function ResumeThread Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hThread As Long) As Long
'挂起线程API
Private Declare Function SuspendThread Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hThread As Long) As Long
Private Const CREATE_SUSPENDED = &H4 '线程挂起常量
'自定义线程结构类型
Private Type udtThread
Handle As Long
Enabled As Boolean
End Type
Private meTheard As udtThread
'初始化线程
Public Sub Initialize(ByVal LongPointFunction As Long)
Dim LongStackSize As Long, LongCreationFlags As Long, LpthreadId As Long, LongNull As Long
On Error Resume Next
LongNull = 0
LongStackSize = 0
LongCreationFlags = CREATE_SUSPENDED '创建线程后先挂起，由程序激活线程
'创建线程并返线程句柄
meTheard.Handle = CreateThread(LongNull, LongStackSize, ByVal LongPointFunction, LongNull, LongCreationFlags, LpthreadId)
If meTheard.Handle = LongNull Then
MsgBox "线程创建失败！", 48, "错误"
End If
End Sub
'获取线程是否激活属性
Public Property Get ThreadEnabled() As Boolean
On Error Resume Next
Enabled = meTheard.Enabled
End Property
'设置线程是否激活属性
Public Property Let ThreadEnabled(ByVal Newvalue As Boolean)
On Error Resume Next
'若激活线程（Newvalue为真）设为TRUE且此线程原来没有激活时激活此线程
If Newvalue And (Not meTheard.Enabled) Then
ResumeThread meTheard.Handle
meTheard.Enabled = True
Else '若激活线程（Newvalue为真）且此线程原来已激活则挂起此线程
If meTheard.Enabled Then
SuspendThread meTheard.Handle
meTheard.Enabled = False
End If
End If
End Property
'终止线程事件
Private Sub Class_Terminate()
On Error Resume Next
Call TerminateThread(meTheard.Handle, 0)
End Sub
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总结：
本程序的缺点是程序运行时CPU占用率高。
至此全部源代码结束，在实例的基础上可以根据个人需要做出不同的多线程应用程序，可以用此类模块创建ActiveX DLL，然后引用这个DLL来进行调用。 |
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